On 28 October Ukraine's Defence Intelligence (HUR) published on its War&Sanctions portal a list of 49 Russian and Belarusian entities involved in the Rassvet low-Earth-orbit satcom programme, 23 of which, including Roscosmos, are under no sanctions by any member of the international coalition. HUR assesses that military use (command and control of forces, links to strike platforms, data relay for uncrewed systems) begins once the constellation reaches 292 satellites, with Ukraine and EU countries among the priority coverage areas. The main developers are Bureau 1440 and IX Holding; the assessment is HUR's and no independent verification has been reported.
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Background
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Evidence
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Follow-ups / later versions
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AI & Security Observatory（2026-10-28）「ウクライナ情報総局、ロシアの低軌道軍用衛星通信「Rassvet」に関与する49事業体を公開 23は制裁対象外」『AI & Security Observatory』、第1.0版、最終更新2026-10-29。https://ai-security-observatory.org/ja/brief/brief-20261029-12/
AI & Security Observatory (2026-10-28). Ukraine's HUR names 49 entities behind Russia's Rassvet LEO military satcom constellation, 23 of them unsanctioned . AI & Security Observatory, version 1.0. Updated 2026-10-29. https://ai-security-observatory.org/en/brief/brief-20261029-12/
Version 1.0 · Publication date 28 Oct 2026 · Updated 29 Oct 2026
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